Vol 13 Issue 1 April 2025-September 2025

Abstract: This study examined dietary adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients at Kabgayi Level II Teaching Hospital in Rwanda, identifying key factors affecting adherence. Using a cross-sectional design with 413 participants, data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical records. Results showed that 58.1% adhered to recommended dietary habits, while 41.9% did not. Positive influences on adherence included access to diabetes education, dietary counseling during consultations, and regular follow-up visits. Conversely, high medication costs and lack of printed dietary guidelines were significant barriers. The study underscores the importance of patient-centered education, healthcare provider engagement, and affordable diabetes care. It recommends structured counseling, printed dietary materials, and appointment reminders at the hospital level. At the policy level, it urges the Ministry of Health to subsidize medication, expand nutrition education, and integrate dietary support into national care protocols to improve T2DM management and reduce complications.

Keywords: Dietary Habits, Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Kabgayi Level II Teaching Hospital.

Title: Adherence to the Recommended Dietary Habits and Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Kabgayi Level II Teaching Hospital

Author: NYIRACUMI Marie Louise, Dr. Michael HABTU

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 283-298

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-June-2025

Abstract: Introduction: Long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is essential in managing chronic epilepsy, but it carries the risk of hepatotoxicity—often presenting as asymptomatic transaminitis. This case report highlights a patient with significant liver enzyme elevation without clinical signs of liver dysfunction.

Case Illustration: Female 19-year-old with a history of epilepsy since the age of 4 years presented to the emergency department with a seizure episode. She had been on long-term polytherapy with levetiracetam (2×500 mg), divalproex sodium (3×500 mg), carbamazepine (3×500 mg), and phenytoin (3×100 mg). Laboratory tests showed elevated SGOT/SGPT levels (413/260 U/L) without any clinical manifestations of liver dysfunction. Viral hepatitis screening was negative, and the elevation was suspected to be related to cumulative hepatotoxic effects of her AED regimen. She was advised to undergo routine liver function monitoring and consider adjusting to less hepatotoxic agents.

Discussion: Asymptomatic transaminitis is a recognized but often under-monitored complication of long-term AED use, particularly in combination therapy. Treatment with lipophilic antiepileptic drugs  such as valproic acid, phenytoin, and carbamazepine have high hepatotoxic potential, while newer agents like levetiracetam are more suitable for patients with liver disease. The absence of hepatoviral infection markers in this case supports the suspicion of drug-induced liver injury.

Conclusion: Asymptomatic transaminitis may occur as complication of long-term AED use, particularly in combination regimens. Routine monitoring of liver function is essential in epilepsy patients undergoing chronic therapy to facilitate early detection of hepatotoxicity and prevent serious complications.

Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs, Epilepsy, Hepatotoxicity, Long-term use, Transaminitis.

Title: ASYMPTOMATIC TRANSAMINITIS IN EPILEPSY PATIENT: A HIDDEN RISK OF LONG-TERM ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG USE

Author: Pertiwi I Gusti Agung Ayu Ary Indah, Astri Asvinia Made, Sumada I Ketut, Yuliani Desie, Jayanthi Ni Made Kurnia Dwi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 278-282

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-June-2025

Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an abnormal rise in monoclonal immunoglobulins, accounting for around 10% of all hematologic malignancies. Individuals with MM face an elevated risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis, which is believed to result from a combination of patient comorbidities, the hypercoagulable state caused by the disease, and the effects of certain treatments. This case describes acute ischemic stroke as a presenting manifestation of MM. A 69-year-old female with a history of MM presented with loss of consciousness and right lateralization, suggesting acute ischemic stroke. We present a case of a 69-year-old female who was admitted with sudden loss of consciousness. Upon examination, she exhibited a GCS of E2V4M5 and neurological signs indicative of right lateralization. Initial laboratory results revealed mild anemia, leukopenia, and electrolyte imbalances, including moderate hypokalemia and hyponatremia. A CT scan of the brain on the day of admission revealed a subacute ischemic infarction in the left external capsule, cerebral atrophy, and mild hydrocephalus. After an extensive evaluation, common stroke etiologies were ruled out, resulting in a final diagnosis of cerebral infarction associated with MM. MM is a known risk factor for stroke due to chemotherapy, patient-related factors like advanced age and immobilization, and tumor-related factors such as increased plasma viscosity and a hypercoagulable state. The patient’s clinical presentation and imaging findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness of stroke as a potential first manifestation of MM, particularly in older adults.

Keywords: acute ischemic stroke, multiple myeloma, thrombosis, hypercoagulability.

Title: ISCHEMIC STROKE AS A RARE PRESENTATION OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN A 69-YEAR-OLD FEMALE PATIENT

Author: Made Astri Asvinia, I Gusti Agung Ayu Ary Indah Pertiwi, I Ketut Sumada, Desie Yuliani, Ni Made Kurnia Dwijayanthi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 275-277

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-June-2025

Abstract: Breast cancer remains a global health problem causing the death among female cancers worldwide, responsible for about 1 in 6 cancer deaths and 2.3 million new cases each year. According to Globocan 2021, the rate of breast cancer in Rwanda is approximately 40.7 cases per 100 thousand women, and the rate of mortality is 20 per 100 thousand. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors having an influence on the utilization of the services related to breast cancer screening services among women. It is a cross-sectional study targeting women between 18 to 65 years attending three District Hospitals (Masaka, Nyarugenge, and Muhima) in Kigali city. A sample size of 387was used from Cochrane sample size formula. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess significant factors related to breast cancer, employing logistic regression to adjust for confounders. The findings indicated that only 4.4% of respondents had ever undergone a breast cancer screening test. In addition, individuals who were exposed to greater awareness through educational campaigns and media were significantly more likely to utilize breast cancer services (AoR) of 8.265 (p = 0.001). Those who had access to services that were convenient and accessible were 11.628 times more likely to use breast cancer services (p < 0.001). Similarly, those who had access to free or subsidized screenings were 7.168 times more likely to seek out these services (p = 0.03). On the other hand, family history of breast cancer and personal risk perception did not show significant associations with the use of breast cancer services. At the end of this study, the researcher recommends enhancing public awareness campaigns, improving accessibility and convenience of screening services, expanding free or subsidized screening programs and investigating the role of family history and risk perception.

Keywords: Factors, Breast Cancer, Screening Services, Kigali City, Rwanda.

Title: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER SCREENING SERVICES AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING THREE DISTRICT HOSPITALS IN KIGALI CITY, RWANDA

Author: Gabriel Nshimiyimana, Dr. Charles Nsanzabera

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 267-274

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-June-2025

Abstract: This study investigates the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries among adults attending Gahini District Hospital in Rwanda, where dental caries remains a major public health concern. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from 415 adults aged 18 and above between February and March 2025 through systematic random sampling and structured questionnaires. Analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including logistic regression.

The results showed that 72.8% of participants had dental caries. Age was a significant factor: individuals aged 30–50 and over 50 were more likely to have caries than those under 30. Gender differences were also observed, with females showing a higher likelihood of dental caries. Poor oral hygiene practices—such as brushing once or less per day—and not using oral hygiene products like mouthwash significantly increased caries risk. Additionally, frequent consumption of sugary foods and drinks, particularly daily or several times a week, was associated with higher prevalence. Chronic conditions, especially diabetes, were also linked to increased risk.

The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted oral health interventions focusing on hygiene practices, dietary behavior, and chronic disease management in the Gahini region.

Keywords: Prevalence, Dental Caries, Patients Gahini District Hospital, Rwanda.

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Dental Caries among Patients Attending Gahini District Hospital, Rwanda

Author: Ms. Mukamana Judith, Dr. Charles Nsanzabera

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 250-266

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 18-June-2025

Abstract: Background: Depression is a common mental health issue among people living with HIV (PLWH), significantly affecting their quality of life, treatment adherence, and overall health outcomes. While adolescent depression in HIV-positive populations has been studied, adult-focused research in Rwanda is limited. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of depression among HIV-positive adults aged 18 and above attending Kicukiro Health Center in Kigali.

Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 349 participants were systematically selected from 2,278 ART clients. Data collection employed structured questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression screening. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.

Results; Findings revealed that 30.09% of participants exhibited symptoms of depression, a rate consistent with other resource-limited settings. Key factors associated with increased depression risk included being female (COR = 1.88), being single, widowed, or divorced (COR = 2.28), and inconsistent adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (COR = 4.59). The most significant barrier to accessing mental health care was financial cost (COR = 8.66).

This study highlights the urgent need to integrate mental health services within HIV care, especially in resource-limited settings. Its findings provide critical insights for healthcare providers, emphasizing the importance of regular depression screening and targeted interventions to improve mental health and ART adherence. The research supports the development of mental health training programs for HIV care providers and informs data-driven policymaking and resource allocation.

Conclusion: By addressing depression in PLWH, particularly at facilities like Kicukiro Health Center, this study contributes to improving overall patient outcomes and raising community awareness about the intersection of HIV and mental health. Ethical clearance was secured from Mount Kenya University’s Institutional Review Board, ensuring confidentiality and informed consent.

Keywords: Prevalence, Depression, People Living with HIV, Kicukiro Health Center, Rwanda.

Title: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among People Living with Hiv in Kicukiro Health Center, Rwanda

Author: Mr. Jean Damour NIYONZIMA, Dr. Jean Damascene IYAMUREMYE, Dr. Mochama Monica Nyamusi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 233-249

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-June-2025

Abstract: Aim: To determine the causes of hyphema at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria.

Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based study conducted at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria. The case notes of new patients seen at the Eye unit of the hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were examined. Those with hyphema were further reviewed. Relevant information was extracted for the study. The results were analyzed and presented with frequency tables.

Results: Out of the 2890 new patients seen, 39(1.43%) had hyphema; No bilateral case was seen among the 39 patients. Thirty-four out of the 39(87.2%) were males while 5(12.8%) were female with a male-to-female ratio of 6.8:1. The age range was 1 year to 80 years, mean of 22.8 years. Trauma 35(89.7%) was responsible for the most cases of hyphema. Fighting 18(46.1%) was the most common circumstance, followed by an accident at the workplace. The worst presenting visual acuity was NPL

Conclusion Ocular trauma is the most common cause of hyphema, males and the younger age group are the major victim. People should be encouraged to observe proper safety rules in their daily activities and at the workplace.

Keywords: Aetiologies, Hyphema, Tertiary, Trauma, Safety.

Title: AETIOLOGIES OF HYPHEMA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA

Author: Anthonia Chinyelu Udeaja, Bernard Chukwunonyerem Ochiogu, Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 227-232

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-June-2025

Abstract: Background: Diabetes causes high blood sugar due to insufficient or ineffective insulin, impacting various organs, including the eyes.

Objectives: To assess refractive changes in diabetic patients at the COOUTH eye clinic from February 2022 to January 2025.

Methodology: This descriptive study involved patients with visual problems who were incidentally found to have diabetes mellitus at COOUTH Awka Eye clinic. Visual acuity, blood sugar levels, refraction tests, and fundoscopy were conducted. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.

Results: Of 49 patients, 31 (63.3%) were male and 18 (36.7%) female, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.7:1. Among these, 35 (71.4%) had myopia and 14 (28.6%) had hyperopia. Ages ranged from 11 to 75 years.

Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly causes sudden bilateral visual blurring, predominantly resulting in myopia due to changes in blood sugar levels. The lens is primarily affected by refractive changes. Restoring normal blood sugar levels is crucial. More males than females were impacted.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, refraction, blurred vision, Incidental finding.

Title: INCIDENTAL DIAGNOSES OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH REFRACTIVE ERRORS: IS MYOPIA OR HYPEROPIA MORE COMMON?

Author: Anthonia Chinyelu Udeaja, Bernard Chukwunonyerem Ochiogu, Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 222-226

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-June-2025

Abstract: Traumatic globe subluxation, though relatively infrequent, represents a significant ocular emergency with potential cosmetic and visual sequelae. This report details the clinical presentation and management of a 19-year-old secondary school student who sustained a left traumatic globe subluxation and associated upper eyelid laceration. The injury occurred when the patient, navigating in darkness, inadvertently impacted his left eye against a protruding nail base affixed to a door. This case underscores the importance of prompt ophthalmologic intervention in mitigating the functional and aesthetic consequences of globe subluxation following ocular trauma. Furthermore, it highlights the inherent risks associated with ambulation in low-light conditions, emphasising the need for heightened awareness to prevent similar injuries. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for optimising visual recovery and minimising long-term complications.

Keywords: Globe subluxation, ocular trauma, eyelid laceration, visual impairment, emergency ophthalmology, injury prevention.

Title: TRAUMATIC GLOBE SUBLUXATION CAUSED BY NAIL - A CASE REPORT

Author: Anthonia Chinyelu Udeaja, Bernard Chukwunonyerem Ochiogu, Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 215-221

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-June-2025

Abstract: Abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) is a significant concern for maternal and child health in low- and middle-income countries like Rwanda. Insufficient GWG is linked to adverse outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, and small-for-gestational-age infants, while excessive GWG is associated with metabolic complications, cesarean delivery, and childhood obesity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of abnormal GWG among pregnant women attending private hospitals in Kigali City, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 pregnant women, selected through systematic random sampling from selected private hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed using STATA version 17. The results indicated that the prevalence of excess GWG was 54.9%, while inadequate GWG was 18.8%. Factors significantly associated with excess GWG included higher education levels (AOR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.48–9.84, p < 0.001), taking IFA supplements (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.01–9.20, p < 0.001), taking deworming supplements (AOR = 8.61, 95% CI: 3.29–22.56, p < 0.001), and reduced physical activity (e.g., weekly activity: AOR = 13.84, 95% CI: 4.79–39.98, p < 0.001). Conversely, older maternal age (>35 years) (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.92, p = 0.028), public employment (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.28, p < 0.001), and receiving nutrition advice (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03–0.14, p < 0.001) were associated with lower odds of excess GWG. For inadequate GWG, significant factors included older maternal age (>35 years) (AOR = 12.15, 95% CI: 5.59–26.44, p < 0.001), public employment (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.37–6.11, p = 0.005), and alcohol use (AOR = 209.7, 95% CI: 11.72–3750.71, p < 0.001). Protective factors against inadequate GWG included longer birth intervals (≥2 years) (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.91, p = 0.025), taking IFA supplements (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.10–0.44, p < 0.001), and taking rest (AOR = 0.0045, 95% CI: 0.00–0.08, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address abnormal GWG. Programs should focus on improving antenatal care services through nutritional counseling, promoting physical activity, addressing short birth intervals, and ensuring access to IFA and deworming supplements. Additionally, interventions should prioritize older women, public employees, and those with risky behaviors such as alcohol use to improve maternal and child health outcomes.

Keywords: Factors, Abnormal Gestational, Weight Gain, Pregnant Women, Private Hospitals, Kigali City.

Title: Prevalence and Associated Factors of Abnormal Gestational Weight Gain among Pregnant Women in Selected Private Hospitals in Kigali City

Author: Ms. MUKANEZA Honorine, Dr. Habtu Michael Fissehaye

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 200-214

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-June-2025

Abstract: Fertility is influenced by a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors, with nutrition playing a critical role. This review explores the impact of specific macro- and micronutrients on hormonal regulation, ovulation, and reproductive cell quality. Emphasis is placed on scientifically supported dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, as well as the importance of antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress. The findings highlight the necessity of personalized nutritional counseling for individuals aiming to conceive, either naturally or through assisted reproductive technologies. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet may significantly enhance reproductive outcomes and overall fertility potential.

Keywords: Fertility, Nutrition, Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Antioxidants, Reproductive Health, Mediterranean Diet.

Title: Nutrition and Fertility: A Scientific Perspective

Author: Nurdan Dogan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 198-199

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 11-June-2025

Abstract: Orthopaedic education requires both depth of knowledge and critical clinical reasoning. Despite the wealth of clinical exposure, structured formative assessments are often underutilised. This article explores the value of using multiple-choice questions (MCQs) as a strategy to enhance undergraduate and postgraduate orthopaedic training. Drawing from an author’s publication, Orthopaedic Bullet (Orthopaedics), this paper outlines the educational rationale, cognitive science underpinnings, and practical implementation of MCQ-based learning. The study proposes that such resources not only reinforce knowledge retention through active recall but also expose learners to a broader curriculum scope often overlooked in conventional clinical training.

Keywords: Orthopaedic Training; Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs); Critical Reasoning; Active Recall.

Title: Enhancing Orthopaedic Education through Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs): A Case for Integrating Active Recall and Self-Assessment Using MCQ Texts

Author: Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu, Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 188-197

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-June-2025

Abstract: Background: This study investigates tuberculosis (TB) screening among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda—a region facing high rates of TB-HIV co-infection. Although timely TB screening is essential for early diagnosis and treatment, its uptake among PLHIV remains low due to barriers such as limited knowledge, stigma, and healthcare access challenges. The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of PLHIV regarding TB screening to identify factors influencing screening behavior and inform targeted public health interventions.

Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, researchers surveyed 423 PLHIV using structured questionnaires that captured socio-demographic data, knowledge of TB, attitudes toward screening, and actual screening practices. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression to explore associations between KAP variables and screening behavior.

Results: Findings revealed that only 28.1% of participants demonstrated good TB screening practices. Several factors were significantly associated with higher screening uptake. Older adults (ages 51–60) were much more likely to undergo screening compared to younger individuals. Educational attainment also influenced practices, with those having primary or secondary education showing better screening behaviors than those with no formal education. Additionally, the duration of HIV diagnosis was a significant factor—particularly among those with congenital HIV. Knowledge and attitudes emerged as critical behavioral predictors. Participants with positive or neutral attitudes toward TB screening were more likely to get screened compared to those with negative attitudes.

Conclusion: The study concludes that TB screening among PLHIV is suboptimal and influenced by a combination of demographic and psychosocial factors.

To address these gaps, the study recommends targeted interventions focusing on education, attitude change, and healthcare system improvements. Enhancing awareness, reducing stigma, and integrating TB and HIV care services more effectively could significantly improve screening uptake and health outcomes in resource-limited settings like Rwanda.

Keywords: KAP, People, HIV, Tuberculosis Screening, Nyarugenge District.

Title: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of People Living with HIV Regarding Tuberculosis Screening in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Author: Ms. Leonie Niyonsaba, Dr. Habimana Amos

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 171-187

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-June-2025

Abstract: Public health laws came into existence in Nigeria in the colonial era. The laws aimed at promoting health, which also is the goal of community medicine practice. Awareness of these laws appears to have become low among both the public and community physicians. There is the lack of promotion of the office of the Medical Officers of Health who are the custodians of these laws. Non-implementation of the laws has contributed to the country’s poor health indices. The first versions of these laws were those for the various regions of the country. The Public Health Laws of Western Nigeria of 1957 was revised in 1958; and so were those of the other regions of the country then. The last attempt at revising the law was in 1998, when a draft titled ‘Public Health Laws of Nigeria 1998’ was produced and reportedly approved by the National Council on Health. This is now at the national level but is yet to be passed into law. We recommend that community physicians should familiarize themselves with the laws and remind the government about them through advocacy, preferably at the states, as of the previous laws. Public enlightenment about the laws should be carried out by the governments, spearheaded by community physicians. There should also be an intersectoral collaboration for their implementation involving the ministries of health, environment, lands and housing, education, justice, agriculture, police and other law enforcement agencies.

Keywords: Public health, laws, community medicine, Nigeria.

Title: Public Health Laws in Nigeria: The Need for Review and Enforcement

Author: Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Michael Chiemeli Asuzu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 165-170

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-June-2025

Abstract: Background: Anemia affects over 10% of adults aged 65 and older, with prevalence exceeding 20% in those aged 85 and above. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia rises with age. This study evaluates the etiology, morphology, and clinical presentation of anemia in elderly renal disease patients. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare centre, enrolling 133 participants according to specific criteria. Data were collected from hospital records, analysing various blood parameters, including hemoglobin levels and blood cell morphology through peripheral blood smears. Results: The study population comprised 133 patients aged 60 and above, 57.8% male and 42.0% female. Anemia severity included mild (23 cases), moderate (79 cases), and severe (31 cases). Among kidney conditions, 74 had CKD, 56 had acute kidney injury, and others included chronic glomerulonephritis and bilateral pyelonephritis. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. Microcytic hypochromic anemia affected 45 patients, 84 had normocytic normochromic anemia, and 3 had macrocytic anemia. Breathlessness was the most frequent clinical finding. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of anemia in elderly patients, particularly those with chronic conditions like CKD. Moderate anemia is often undiagnosed, with normocytic anemia being the most common type. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are prevalent comorbidities in this population.

Keyword: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Chronic Kindy Diseases, Elderly.

Title: Exploring the Morphological Patterns of Anemia in Elderly Patients with Renal Disease: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital Study

Author: Omkareshwar Patil

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 160-164

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-June-2025