Vol 5 Issue 2 October 2017-March 2018

Abstract: This article focuses on the common tests used in allergy testing in primary care setting. We conducted a search using electronic databases; MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), up to December, 2017. A number of tests are available in order to help physicians in the diagnosis of allergic disease. These tests function by finding specific IgE antibodies. Skin prick testing is rapid, sensitive, and cost effective. Intradermal testing is typically used in individuals that have had a negative skin prick test when clinical history recommends an allergic reaction. It is favored as first line in insect venom allergies. Performing these tests will allow physicians to help determine the particular allergen associated with a person's allergic illness. From here, the next steps could be taken in helping patients manage their allergic conditions.

Keywords: Allergic diseases, family physicians.

Title: Allergy Testing by Family Physicians in Primary Care

Author: Abdulaziz Hassan Kosadi Almahdi, Norah Abdulwahab Ahmad Ababteen, Abdulrahman Saad Abdulrahman Albakheet, Hakami, Ibrahim Mohammed Y, Shahad Ahmad Said Bamani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Given that patients with possible sepsis are frequently identified through the ED, the initial evaluation and treatment considerations of sepsis in this setting are reviewed. Electronic databases (PubMed/ Embase) were searched up to December, 2017, for relevant literature in the management approaches of septic shock in emergency department, we retracted most evidence based review, trails, and randomized control studies discussing the septic shock management in emergency department With the discovery of new strategies and treatments to optimize the end result of patients with serious sepsis/septic shock, increasing emphasis is being positioned on rapid diagnosis and therapy initiated in the ED. Fig. 2 is a formula that sums up management guidelines for ED care of patients with septic shock/severe sepsis. The goal of medical diagnosis in the ED is to determine patients with serious sepsis/septic shock (ie, with evidence of organ disorders, lactic acidosis, and liquid nonresponsive hypotension). SIRS standards and regular tests, such as the peripheral WBC count and differential, are also nonspecific to be useful in this populace. The function of new sepsis biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, is currently being evaluated.

Keywords: Septic Shock, Emergency Department, WBC.

Title: Diagnosis and Management Approaches of Septic Shock in Emergency Department

Author: Duha Adnan Fallatah, Ghaday Ibrahim Alyamani, Arwa Saad Alzahrani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In this review we will discuss background and etiology of liver cirrhosis, we will emphasize diagnostic methods and management, such as transplantation and lifestyle modification. We conducted an electronic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, until December 2017. We used the search Mesh terms:  liver cirrhosis, management, etiology, causes, treatment. ALD remains a significant cause of liver related mortality worldwide. Clinicians ought to be experienceded on the diagnosis and treatment of the broad spectrum of hepatologic conditions related to ethanol consumption. Combined with the 2010 AASLD/ACG guidelines on the treatment of serious alcoholic hepatitis, PTX needs to be considered an alternative to corticosteroids and shows up to especially efficient in ALD patients with renal dysfunction/hepatorenal syndrome. Cirrhosis frequently is an indolent disease; most patients continue to be asymptomatic up until the occurrence of decompensation, defined by ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding from portal hypertension. Physical examination of patients with cirrhosis may expose a variety of findings that require a hepatic- or gastrointestinal-based work-up to identify the etiology.

Keywords: liver cirrhosis, chronic, or durable, injury.

Title: Overview Etiology and Management of Liver Cirrhosis

Author: Zeyad Saad Aljohani, Hisham Mohammed Almuwallad, Ahmed Suhail Maimani, Faisal Ali Ibrahim Alghamdi, Omar Abdullah Basfar, Abdulaziz Abdullah Saeed Al Nahdi, Abdulmalick Mohammed Zaheralliyali, Mustafa Mohammad Ayyad

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This study was undertaken to ascertain the health seeking behaviour of market traders in DeKINA local government area of Kogi state-Nigeria. The study has noted that the health seeking behaviour of the traders is influenced by several factors such as availability of money, nearness of the health establishment, attitude of the health personnel and cultural factors. The study has shown that the traders seek medical care through self-medication, patronage of traditional herbalists and patent medicine vendors. The study has observed that all these health seeking behaviours have potential consequences and has therefore recommended that the level of health care in the rural areas be raised to the existing level in urban centres. All tiers of government should carryout poverty alleviation programmes in the rural areas to remove the barriers that inhibit people’’ access to health care services. The study has also recommended that awareness campaigns should be carried out to enlighten the people, especially the rural dwellers, on the dangers associated with self-medication and the patronage of traditional medical providers.

Keywords: Assessment; Health seeking; Behaviour; Dekina.

Title: An Assessment of the Health Seeking Behaviour of Market Traders in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State

Author: Venatus V. KAKWAGH

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Fish retailers and processors in Ghana are directly exposed to fish and are at high risk for fish-related zoonosis, but the epidemiology and prevalence of such fish-based bacteria zoonosis among them remains under-studied. In order to formulate an appropriate prospective cohort and laboratory-based study, the current study was aimed at obtaining the necessary preliminary information from women working in the fish industry in Accra, Ghana.

A questionnaire based exploratory cross-sectional study, with a convenience sampling procedure within a wide covering study area was used to obtain data from 116 persons working within the fish value chain in Accra.

A greater proportion of the predominantly female participants had been involved with only retailing (26.5%) and processing (20.0%) of fish. About 55.6% of them had observed lesions on fish. A few of the participants (24.8%), who were mostly involved with retailing and processing fish, reported having had a rash.

The observance of fish lesion and skin rashes among most retailers and processers of fish, necessitates a study of the prevalence of Mycobacterial spp and the emerging Shewanella spp infections among women in the fish business in the coastal region of Ghana.

Keywords: Questionnaire, Fish lesion, Skin rashes, Zoonosis, Fish handlers.

Title: A Preliminary Descriptive-Data-Gathering Study among Fish Handlers in Accra

Author: Edna Dzifa Doe, Adolf Kofi Awua, Kingsley Kwame Nsowah, Kofi Dzorgbenyui Bedzra, Oti Kwasi Gyamfi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In this review, we present currently accepted algorithms for the detection of anastomotic leakages, their classification and treatment algorithms. A literature search through PubMed Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database, was performed searching articles focusing on anastomotic leakage after esophagectomys, and surgical management. The proper therapy must be chosen with regard to the status of the neoesophagus and the patient's basic problem. Recently, a number of endoscopic intervention methods have been established that have shown favorable results in the treatment of smaller fistulas with intact conduit perfusion. In the case of necrosis, nonetheless, immediate and determined surgery is required. These situations are still associated with high morbidity and mortality; however high volume centers have shown improved outcome data even in this imperiled collective. Additional amelioration of patient results will be made possible by increased specialization and novel treatment methods relying on decreasingly invasive yet efficient intervention approaches.

Keywords: anastomotic leakages, treatment algorithms, tient's basic problem.

Title: Current Review of Diagnostic Procedure of Anastomotic Leakage after Esophagectomy

Author: ANMAR RAED FARIS MUHAYSIN, SAMI BRKI HOMAID ALOSAIMI, ABDULRAHMAN GHAZI AWADH ALLAH ALOSAIMI, NAIF GHAZI AWADH ALLAH ALOSAIMI

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This article aims to help with recognition and management of HE in the emergency department (ED) by reviewing its pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, grading, and treatment. A comprehensive search was conducted through major databases; Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, through November, 2017. The search strategy used Mesh terms; encephalopathy, emergency department, management. HE is a typical and significant complication of chronic or acute liver failure. Identification and improvement of precipitating aspects remain the foundation of treatment, and morbidity and mortality can be decreased by timely treatment. The medical diagnosis and management of HE in ED could be challenging and requires setup of care in seasoned centers with communication between ED physicians, hepatologists, and cosmetic surgeons. HE in cancer patients is multifactorial and needs specific therapy for HE as well as management of the underlying etiology.

Keywords: emergency department (ED), pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment.

Title: Diagnosis and Management of Encephalopathy in Emergency Department

Author: Fatimah abdullah alyousif, Hawra Hassan Alkhatem, Safa A. Alabdaljabbar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Priapism is caused by different etiologies. One of theses etiologies is antipsychotic medication. Although antipsychotic induced priapism is a rare side effect, patients should be fully educated about it due to possible harmful complications. We presented a case of 35-year-old man with a diagnosis of intellectual disability and challenging behavior who had been prescribed risperidone and presented multiple times to the Accident and emergency (A&E) department due to priapism. These episodes resolved after discontinuing risperidone.

Keywords: Accident and emergency (A&E), Risperidone Induced Priapism.

Title: Risperidone Induced Priapism: Case Report

Author: Hatim Yousef Alharbi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Football is most popular sport in the world.  However football is one of the sport that have a risk of Hamstring injury.  These hamstring injury can adversely affect a player’s long-term in the sport.  Aim and objectives: To find the effect of kinesiotapingvs ultrasound therapy in acute hamstring strain in football players.  Methodology: 60 football players between the age 18-35years (mean age18. 55+) were selected and informed consent was taken.  Subjects filled Questionnaire, and special tests for hamstring injuries were done, data was collected and analysed & treated.  30 sample of Ultrasound and another 30 sample of kinesiotape included.  Total 7 days of treatment given by using FASH scale & SLR.  FASH scale & SLR noted according to Pre-treatment and post treatment.  In the comparison of treatment between Ultrasound and kinesiotape, ultrasound treatment find to be more effective than kinesiotaping.  Results: FASH questionnaire shows that difference in Group A post treatment 1. 5890 and for Group B 1. 4129, it shows that improvement in group A is more.  SLR shows the result that 30 players  from both group  A & B were found pre treatment positive  where on other side, in post treatment  0 players from group A & 11 Players from group B were positive.  Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that conventional therapy is more effective on acute hamstring strain than kinesiotaping.

Keywords: Hamstring injury, pain, Football players, Ultrasound therapy, Kinesiotaping.

Title: Effect of Kinesiotaping vs Ultrasound Therapy in Acute Hamstring Strain Injury in Football Players

Author: Dr. Pournima A. Pawar, Shruti. V. Wadekar, Dr. Ujwal. L. Yeole

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The background, assessment and management of constipation in children is discussed in this review. We conducted search using electronic biomedical databases such as; Medline, and Embase, for studies published up to September 2017 with English language concerning the etiology and management of constipation in children, Following MeSh terms were used in our search strategy: “constipation”, “pediatrics”, “children”, “childhood constipation”. Constipation is quite typical in Asia, and usually of functional origin. Detailed history and appropriate physical examination, including digital rectal examination, can easily distinguish functional from organic constipation. There is no need to do any type of investigation before beginning treatment in functional constipation. Disimpaction with oral polyethylene glycol is the primary step in the management and skipping this step results in refractoriness of constipation. Polyethylene glycol is revealed to be superior to lactulose in the management of constipation. In most cases, long term (months to years) laxative treatment is required and early withdrawal results in recurrence. Radiological colon transit time research study plays an important role in the management of refractory constipation. Slow transit constipation is entirely a different entity and antegrade continence enema aids in this subset of patients.

Keywords: constipation in children, oral polyethylene glycol, Radiological colon transit.

Title: An Overview of Etiology and Management of Constipation in Children

Author: Rayan Azeb R Alharthi, Turki Muteb S Alotaibi, Reem Maqbul J Aljuaid

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of this review is to determine the prevalence of PSA testing in primary care and the roles of family physicians in this matter, discuss benefits and harms of PSA testing and highlight some risk factors of prostate cancer. Comprehensive review was conducted using biomedical electronic databases such as; MEDLINE, and EMBASE, Science direct for all relevant articles published up to October, 2017. Primary care is the major setting where cancer is analyzed, or a minimum if it's assumed. Available documentation does not effectively reveal that PSA testing will certainly decrease prostate cancer death, however it accurately demonstrates a raised risk of harm. Lots of men see screening positively, however, are not aware of the possible harms. There is a visible need amongst family doctor for conclusive evidence on the equilibrium of testing advantages as well as dangers, any kind of use PSA screening to monitor for prostate cancer needs a thoughtful conversation between patient and doctor regarding the equilibrium in between significant risks and also uncertain advantages.

Keywords: Prostate cancer screening, PSA testing, prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Title: Review of Evidence, Prostate Cancer Screening in Family Medicine

Author: Intithar Hussain Alherz, Laila Ibrahim Hussain Alhejji, Zahrah Ahmed Alyaseen, Amnah Ahmed Alhuwayji, Hanin Sami Bumozah, Zainab Abdulmajid Al-Mubarak, Sakinah Ibrahim Ali Alfadhel, Hawraa Radhi Alsuroj

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review discusses the use strategies, the importance of microbiology knowledge and how in-ICU antibiotic therapy could possibly be optimized and rationalized. A search of literature through databases; MIDLINE, and EMBASE was conducted to identified related articles to our concerned topic (improvement strategies for antibiotic use in ICU) we were published up to November 2017. Bacterial resistance is an expanding and global issue, as are high death rates in septic patients treated inadequately. Clinicians practicing in intensive care units must develop and promote strategies for better employing antimicrobial treatment. One of the most successful strategies will be multidisciplinary, involving collaboration from the pharmacy, infection control, nursing team, treating doctors, and infectious disease consultants. Such programs must additionally focus both on promoting infection control practices and employing rational antibiotic usage targeted at minimizing future emergence of resistance.

Keywords: strategies, improvement strategies, antibiotic.

Title: Consequences and Improvement Strategies for Antibiotic Use in ICU

Author: Dr. Nada AlGhawi, Dr. Fatimah AlGhawi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Medical care bears the brunt of obesity management; obese patients may present for weight-loss advice, may go to clinics such as diabetes or heart disease (CVD) centers as a secondary problem to their weight, or, more likely, will go to with something completely unrelated to their weight, which could be as diverse as holiday jabs to a black eye. The special challenge for the GP or nurse is to engage the latter group effectively and inoffensively, a discussion which represents the start of the obesity management program. This procedure might only take the last 2 minutes of an unrelated consultation engagement occurs, weight and high blood pressure are determined, blood tests organized and more detailed follow-up guaranteed. Therefore, the initial stage of weight management is the assessment of standard characteristics and the fast correction of possible features, such as type, dyslipidaemia or hypertension 2 diabetes. A current research study revealed that a bulk of patients want to review weight-loss with their physician. Hence, there is a requirement for medical care delivery redesign to help with instead of restrain physicians resolving weight issues with their patients. Part of this redesign is increasing physician abilities in beginning the discussion to sensitively attend to weight issues with a patient. It is not useful to prepare for medical care physicians to provide comprehensive behavioral weight reduction treatment to all of their patients with weight problems. The treatment of buying recommendations and defense of weight issues management professional (e.g., registered dietitians, psychologists) and community-based programs must be made easier in order to increase referral options for physicians and access to take care of patients. In addition, the electronic medical record is ending up being a tool to not just assist in BMI screening, but might likewise be used to assist in weight management treatment throughout an encounter. Provided the weight issues epidemic and increased hazard for relentless diseases, determining useful strategies to enforce policies and carry out evidence-based treatment services in medical care ought to be a high concern in health care reform.

Keywords: heart disease (CVD), dyslipidaemia or hypertension 2 diabetes.

Title: Management of Obesity in Primary Care by Family Doctors

Author: Lujain Abdu H Alamodi, Yara Mohammed Mobarki, Alaa Mohammed Al Ibrahim, Aisha Ahmad Ogdi, Aisha Ahmad Nasser Qumiri, Duha Fateni Yahya Yahya, Afnan Ahmed Hamod Zogeeli, Samaa Omar Sangoof

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The main goal of the following review is to detect the incidence, various risk factors and attributable mortality associated with VAP and secondary objective is to identify the various bacterial pathogens causing VAP in the ICU. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and manuscript references for studies published in English up to December, 2017 for all studies concerning management of ICU associated pneumonia. VAP occurs frequently and is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill patients. The primary obstacle in diagnosing VAP is the absence of gold standard criteria and, therefore, VAP continues to be an inconspicuous clinical syndrome. There is enough evidence to indicate that VAP is preventable and that hospitals can decrease VAP rates, a factor that the new CDC VAP definitions are poised to demonstrate more objectively. The diagnostic challenge of VAP has multiple implications for therapy. Although a CPIS score > 6 may correlate with VAP, the sensitivity, specificity and inter-rater agreement of this criterion alone are not encouraging. Microbiological data should be used for tailoring antibiotic therapy and not be restricted only to diagnosis.

Keywords: ICU associated pneumonia, VAP, incidence, patients.

Title: ICU Associated Pneumonia and Management Approaches

Author: Dr. Fatimah AlGhawi, Dr. Nada AlGhawi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The outlook today for patients with CML is much brighter than just a few years ago. In this article, we review our current understanding of this disease, diagnostic and treatment approaches. A comprehensive literature search strategy was performed by an electronic search of the databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials) for relevant studies that were published up to December, 2017 for studies discussing, chronic myeloid leukemiain English language. Consensus exists that imatinib treatment is the standard approach to the therapy of CML, and this modality will be determined in the future against all new therapies. The current addition of the highly potent TKIs nilotinib and dasatinib has further improved the armamentarium versus CML however also posed new challenges. Initially, the function of these new compounds in modern algorithms of CML treatment is still unidentified and must be defined. In spite of having revealed impressive reaction rates in patients after imatinib failure or intolerance, the duration of these reactions will be identified with longer follow-up. Their role in frontline treatment for CML will likewise have to be defined. Second, as our resources for managing CML improve, the refinement in molecular monitoring must improve in parallel. In this regard, the lack of consistency amongst various laboratories in BCR-ABL transcript results by present PCR technologies is still a continuous issue.

Keywords: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL.

Title: Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Approach toward Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Amal Almass Alblushi, Amnah Ahmed Alhuwayji

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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